Imagine an agent from the Department of Labor walks in your office and asks for your ERISA documents. For 90% of employers, the answer would be “what is that?”. Yet for every employer, maintaining ERISA documents is essential – and here is why:
ERISA is a federal law that sets minimum standards for employee benefit plans maintained by private-sector employers.
ERISA includes requirements for both retirement plans (for example, 401(k) plans) and welfare benefit plans (for example, group health plans). ERISA has been amended many times over the years, expanding the protections available to welfare benefit plan participants and beneficiaries.
The Department of Labor (DOL), through its Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA), enforces most of ERISA’s provisions. Violating ERISA can have serious and costly consequences for employers that sponsor welfare benefit plans, either through DOL enforcement actions and penalty assessments or through participant lawsuits.
All welfare plans are subject to ERISA (medical, dental, vision, life, disability, certain employee assistance and wellness programs, for example) and are required to have a plan document that is memorialized in writing. ERISA further required that the plan document contain specific, express provisions. This means if you deliver any type of benefit program to employees, it’s likely you need a current ERISA document.
How does the DOL enforce ERISA?
The DOL has broad authority to investigate or audit an employee benefit plan’s compliance with the ERISA. The DOL’s EBSA division handles audits of employee benefit plans. To perform these audits, EBSA employs over 400 investigators working out of field offices, many of whom are lawyers or CPAs or have advanced degrees in business or finance. The DOL has authority to assess civil penalties for many different types of ERISA violations.
How can an employer minimize its risk of being audited by the DOL?
As a practical matter, an employer has little control over whether it will be audited by the DOL. However, an employer can take the following steps to help minimize its exposure to a DOL audit:
- Respond to participants’ benefit questions and requests for information on a timely basis;
- File Form 5500 on time and make sure it is complete and accurate;
- Create and distribute participant notices required by law (for example, the summary of benefits and coverage) by the deadline; and
- Make timely updates to plan documents and summary plan descriptions (SPDs) to reflect legal and design changes.
How can employers be prepared for a DOL audit?
The best way to prepare for a DOL audit is to remain in compliance with the law and establish a recordkeeping system for maintaining all of the important documents relating to your employee benefit plans. Retaining complete and accurate records will help move along the audit process and provide an accurate picture of an employer’s benefit package. As a general rule, these records should be retained for seven years.
Because the DOL has increased the frequency of health plan audits, employers should consider reviewing their health plans for compliance now, before they are selected for audit. It is important for employers to get their health plans’ paperwork in order as part of this process. Don’t be fooled into thinking you are “too small” for ERISA. Employers of every size who provide any type of Employer Sponsored Benefit Plan are subject to ERISA. Ask your broker if you need documents and get them done!
